三维古地貌重建技术在中生代羌塘地体古地理演化分析中的应用     

于淼  陈建平  严琼  武瞾  王春女  于萍萍 《地质通报》2011,30(5):694-701

近年来,从古地貌-沉积组合与油藏关系的角度进行油气远景评价成为研究热点。针对古地貌的复原研究,提出一种建立三维古地貌模型的方法,将二维平面古地理图通过对资料的整理、挖掘与转换,并结合GIS技术生成了三维立体模型,补充了区域地形地貌的相关信息。利用该方法,建立了青藏高原油气资源潜力最大的区域——羌塘地体在三叠纪和侏罗纪的一系列三维古地貌模型,进而对其古环境和演化过程进行分析,这对于该区域的沉积矿产资源的预测与评价有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

河南省煤炭资源现状及其潜力评价     

张苗  郝珺  刘炎昊 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(8):85-89

基于＂河南省煤炭资源潜力评价＂的成果和认识,对河南省煤炭资源勘查开发现状及存在的问题进行了分析。以山西组二1煤层作为全省性预测重点对象,对各煤田、各时代埋深2 000m以浅的煤炭资源进行了潜力预测,依据可信度、开采条件、开发前景划分了3个级别、3个类别和3个等别。针对全省17个煤田和2个找煤区的资源潜力预测结果,圈定预测区102个,预测煤炭资源量约710亿t,其中作为主采煤层的二1煤层的资源量约620亿t。根据综合评价结果,提出煤炭资源勘查近期及中长期勘查建议及方案,规划了新一轮煤炭勘查区。  相似文献   

Arsenic contamination in groundwater and its proposed remedial measures     

A. Akter  M. H. Ali Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(2):433-443

Arsenic contamination occurs in groundwater of Bangladesh mainly from the alluvial and deltaic sediments. Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh was first detected more than a decade ago and the ’shallow tubewells’ were reported as the main source of arsenic contaminated water. From the nutritional and metabolic points of view, arsenic is likely to adversely affect human health and nutrition. Up to now, several studies have been carried out on this context; however, inadequate knowledge on arsenic sources, mobilization and transport still remains as a constraint due to lack of data, information and technological advances. Thus, a review study has been undertaken on the sources of arsenic, its causes, mobilization, transport, effects on human health, arsenic test procedures and removal methods, in the context of groundwater contamination in Bangladesh, and finally sustainable remedial measures of arsenic have been proposed. This study suggests that laboratory facilities for testing of arsenic and effects of enhanced groundwater pumping, phosphate fertilizer etc., need to be updated, expanded and studied. This review work is significant to further knowledge improvement, as the topic is general and worldwide. It can be concluded that the integration of the proposed remedial measures with the national geographic information system interface database relating to arsenic for analysis, production of hazard maps, and dissemination on television show for the planners, engineers, managers, field supervisors and affected people, can reach at the sustainable solution for mitigating arsenic and associated problems successfully in Bangladesh.  相似文献   

Hydrologic behavior and flood probability for selected arid basins in Makkah area, western Saudi Arabia     

Ali M. Subyani 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(5-6):817-824

In arid regions, flash floods often occur as a consequence of excessive rainfall. Occasionally causing major loss of property and life, floods are large events of relatively short duration. Makkah area in western Saudi Arabia is characterized by high rainfall intensity that leads to flash floods. This study quantifies the hydrological characteristics and flood probability of some major wadis in western Saudi Arabia, including Na’man, Fatimah, and Usfan. Flood responses in these wadis vary due to the nature and rainfall distribution within these wadis. Rainfall frequency analysis was performed using selected annual maximums of 24-h rainfall from eight stations located in the area. Two of the most applied methods of statistical distribution, Gumbel’s extreme value distribution and log Pearson type III distribution, were applied to maximum daily rainfall data over 26 to 40 years. The Gumbel’s model was found to be the best fitting model for identifying and predicting future rainfall occurrence. Rainfall estimations from different return periods were identified. Probable maximum floods of the major wadis studied were also estimated for different return periods, which were extrapolated from the probable maximum precipitation.  相似文献   

Upper mantle anisotropy of southeast Arabia passive margin [Gulf of Aden northern conjugate margin], Oman     

Ali Al-Lazki  Cindy Ebinger  Michael Kendall  George Helffrich  Sylvie Leroy  Christel Tiberi  Graham Stuart  Khalfan Al-Toobi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,5(5):925-934

In this study, we used data recorded by two consecutive passive broadband deployments on the Gulf of Aden northern margin, Dhofar region, Sultanate of Oman. The objective of these deployments is to map the young eastern Gulf of Aden passive continental margin crust and upper mantle structure and rheology. In this study, we use shear-wave splitting analysis to map lateral variations of upper mantle anisotropy beneath the study area. In this study, we found splitting magnitudes to vary between 0.33 and 1.0 s delay times, averaging about 0.6 s for a total of 17 stations from both deployment periods. Results show distinct abrupt lateral anisotropy variation along the study area. Three anisotropy zones are identified: a western zone dominated by NW–SE anisotropy orientations, an eastern zone dominated with NE–SW anisotropy orientations, and central zone with mixed anisotropy orientations similar to the east and west zones. We interpret these shorter wavelength anisotropy zones to possibly represent fossil lithospheric mantle anisotropy. We postulate that the central anisotropy zone may be representing a Proterozoic suture zone that separates two terranes to the east and west of it. The anisotropy zones west and east were being used indicative of different terranes with different upper mantle anisotropy signatures.  相似文献   

Effects of heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+) on DNA damage of the gills, hemocytes and hepatopancreas of marine crab, Charybdis japonica     

Luqing Pan  Na Liu  Hongxia Zhang  Jing Wang  Jingjing Miao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(2):177-184

There are rising concerns about the hazardous effects of heavy metals on the environment. In this study, comet assay and DNA alkaline unwinding assay were conducted on the tissues (gills, hepatopancreas, and hemocytes) of Charybdis japonica in order to illustrate genotoxicity of three heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+) on the marine crabs C. japonica. The crabs were exposed to Cu2+ (10, 50, and 100 ?g.L?1), Pb2+ (50, 250, and 500 ?g L?1) and Cd2+ (5, 25, and 50 ?g L?1), and the tissues were sampled at days 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 15. DNA alkaline unwinding assay was used for testing the DNA single strand break in gills and hepatopancreas and comet assay was employed for testing the DNA damage in hemocytes. The results showed that the DNA damage (F-value) of gills in the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals was decreased gradually during the exposure periods and there was a dose-time response relationship in certain time, suggesting that the levels of DNA single strand break in all the experimental groups increased significantly compared to the controls. Changes of F-value in hepatopancreas of the crabs exposed to the three heavy metals were similar to those in gills except that the peak values were found in the 500 ?g L?1 Pb2+ treatment group at day 3 and the 50 ?g L?1 Cd2+ treatment group at day 9. The ranks of DNA damage in gills and hepatopancreas induced by the three heavy metal ions (50 ?g L?1, day 15) were Cd2+ >Pb2+ >Cu2+ and Pb2+ >Cu2+ >Cd2+. The levels of DNA damage in gills were higher than those in hepatopancreas in the same experimental group. It can be concluded that indices of DNA damage can be used as the potential biomarkers of heavy metal pollution in marine environment.  相似文献   

Development of 57 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)     

Guidong Miao  Ying Xu  Di Wang  Songlin Chen  Tingjun Fan  Yongsheng Tian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(3):241-245

Half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a promising species for aquaculture in China.The wild population of C. semilaevis is under threat from environmental factors. Microsatellite markers are very suitable for assessing genetic diversity. Four microsatellite-enriched libraries of half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) were constructed,from which 57 polymorphic microsatellites were isolated and characterized.The polymorphism of these microsatellites was assessed by genotyping in 30 ind...  相似文献   

Mechanical analysis for progressive failure of debris landslide     

Haibo Miao  Kunlong Yin  Deying Li 《山地科学学报》2011,8(2):328-335

It is of significance to research failure mechanism of debris landslides that are widespread in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on the statistical analysis of the developmental law and failure mode of debris landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir, the mode of progressive failure is found. The mechanical model for progressive failure of debris landslides with two slip bands is also established by applying slice method. According to the results of the downslide force between adjacent slices, if the downslide force of lower slice is larger than zero, the slice fails along the major sliding surface, otherwise it is stable. In result, the failure range is obtained. The stress function can be determined through dimensional analysis of failure slice. According to static boundary conditions of the slice, stress state of any point in the slice can be obtained. Then stress state of any point in the secondary slip band can also be established. The failure of the secondary slip band is judged on the basis of Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. Therefore, a mechanical method is proposed to analyze the progressive failure of debris landslide with two slip bands.  相似文献   

Robust optimization of subsurface flow using polynomial chaos and response surface surrogates     

Masoud Babaei  Ali Alkhatib  Indranil Pan 《Computational Geosciences》2015,19(5):979-998

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内蒙古元宝山小建昌营子地区三面井组沉积环境     

陈井胜  邢德和  刘淼  张德军  马国祥  杨佳林  张志斌 《世界地质》2015,34(4):1013-1023

在进行内蒙古1∶5万区域地质调查工作中,对内蒙古赤峰元宝山镇小建昌营子一带的下二叠统三面井组砂岩进行了粒度分析。结果表明,萨胡成因环境判别值为10.66~10.76,沉积环境为河流相或三角洲相;弗里德曼粒度参数判别为陆相河砂沉积;浊流C-M判别图解显示沉积环境介于三角洲与浊流沉积之间。三面井组总体为一套河流相-三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇沉积。滑塌浊积扇一般发育于深湖、半深湖区,结合本地区三面井组地层中缺乏海相碳酸盐岩沉积,综合认为本区的三面井组形成于河流-湖泊三角洲环境。  相似文献